Narcolepsy and cataplexy are neurological sleep disorders characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of muscle weakness. Narcolepsy is characterized by irresistible daytime sleepiness, sleep attacks, and fragmented nighttime sleep. Cataplexy is an abrupt loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions such as laughter or anger. Manifestations of narcolepsy and cataplexy include sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, automatic behavior, and disrupted nighttime sleep. Narcolepsy and cataplexy can be diagnosed with a combination of detailed medical history, physical exam, and sleep study.
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