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Men receive the diagnosis myelodysplastic syndromes
122 283 (11.5 %)Died from this diagnosis.
Women receive the diagnosis myelodysplastic syndromes
93 229 (9.6 %)Died from this diagnosis.
В основе патогенеза МДС лежит воздействие повреждающих факторов на полипотентную стволовую клетку, приводящее к появлению в ней генетических аномалий, а также феномена гиперметилирования ДНК.
Указанные нарушения приводят к нарушению продукции клеток миелоидного ростка и появлению миелобластов в костном мозге и периферической крови, вследствие чего появляются диспластические изменения в зрелых клетках и их функциональная недостаточность, приводящие к описанным клиническим проявлениям.
Феномен гиперклеточности костного мозга на фоне периферической цитопении объясняется ускоренным апоптозом аномально пролиферирующих клеток костного мозга.
(Pale conjunctiva, Bleached conjunctiva, White conjunctiva, Pallid conjunctiva, Wan conjunctiva, Anemic conjunctiva, Ashen conjunctiva, Bloodless conjunctiva, Colorless conjunctiva)
Conjunctival pallor is a symptom characterized by a pale appearance of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white of the eye. It usually appears as a whitish discoloration, which can be seen when the eye is opened wide. It may develop gradually or suddenly and can be accompanied by other ...
(Distorted taste, Altered taste, Foul taste, Bitter taste, Metallic taste, Unpleasant taste, Strange taste, Off taste, Bad taste, Minty taste)
Dysgeusia is a disorder characterized by a distorted sense of taste. It often presents as a metallic, sour, or bitter taste in the mouth, but can also include other strange tastes. The disorder usually develops gradually, starting with a slight change in taste and gradually worsening over time. Symp...
(Ringing in ears, Buzzing in ears, Humming in ears, Hissing in ears, Roaring in ears, Whistling in ears, Tinnitus, Ears ringing, Ears buzzing)
Noise in the ears, also known as tinnitus, is a symptom in which a person hears a sound in their ears without an external source. It can range from a low, buzzing sound to a loud, high-pitched ringing. It can occur suddenly or gradually, and can be constant or intermittent. Tinnitus can be caused by...
Weakness is a lack of strength and energy that can range from mild to severe. It can be a symptom of a wide range of conditions, including physical and mental exhaustion, chronic illnesses, and certain medications. It can also be caused by a lack of nutrients, dehydration, or an underlying medical c...
(Shivering, Goosebumps, Feverish, Chilliness, Shuddering, Freezing, Frosty, Icy, Coldness, Numbness)
Chills are a sudden feeling of coldness accompanied by shivering and a rise in body temperature. They can be caused by exposure to cold temperatures, infections, or emotional stress. Chills typically start with a feeling of coldness and goosebumps, followed by shivering, and then a rise in body temp...
(Fever with shivering, Fever with trembling, Fever with shaking, Fever with rigors, Fever with quivering, Fever with shuddering, Fever with quaking, Fever with shudder, Fever with trembling rigors, Fever with shuddering fits)
Fever with chills is a common symptom of infection, and is characterized by a sudden onset of high body temperature and shivering. It may be accompanied by other symptoms such as sweating, headache, fatigue, body aches, and general weakness. As the body temperature rises, the patient may experience ...
(Unintended weight loss, Unexplained weight loss, Rapid weight loss, Excessive weight loss, Drastic weight loss, Sudden weight loss, Substantial weight loss, Significant weight loss, Unwanted weight loss, Unexpected weight loss)
Abnormal weight loss is a symptom of an underlying medical condition. It is characterized by a significant decrease in body weight that is not related to changes in diet or exercise habits. It may be accompanied by fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, and other symptoms. It can develop gradually or ...
(Vertigo, Lightheadedness, Giddiness, Faintness, Unsteadiness, Dazed, Spinning, Disorientation, Unbalanced, Foggy, Loss of balance, Uncoordinated, Confusion)
Dizziness is a sensation of feeling off-balance and lightheaded. It can range from mild to severe and can be accompanied by a feeling of spinning or swaying. It can develop suddenly or gradually, and can be triggered by physical activity, changes in position, or lack of food or fluids. Symptoms can ...
(Epistaxis, Nasal hemorrhage, Rhinorrhagia, Nasal haemorrhage, Nosebleed)
A nose bleed, also known as epistaxis, is a common symptom that occurs when the small blood vessels in the nose burst and bleed. It can occur suddenly, or develop gradually over time. Symptoms may include a sudden onset of bright red blood flowing from the nose, or a slow trickle of blood. Nose blee...
(Perspiring, Dampness, Moisture, Drenching, Dewy, Sweaty, Damp, Humid, Wetness, Clammy)
Sweating is a common symptom that can manifest itself in different ways. It can range from mild moisture on the skin to heavy perspiration. It can be localized to one area of the body or be generalized over the entire body. It usually develops in response to heat, exercise, anxiety, or emotional str...
(High temperature, Fever, Feverishness, Pyrexia, Hyperthermia, Heat, Warmth, Hyperpyrexia, Hyperthermy, Thermalgia)
Elevated temperature is a symptom of illness where the body temperature is higher than normal. It typically appears as a fever, with the temperature ranging from 37-38°C. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as chills, body aches, and fatigue. Elevated temperature can develop over a few da...
Hemorrhage under the skin is a symptom characterized by the presence of blood or fluid under the skin. It may appear as a bruise, lump, or discoloration. It usually develops after a trauma or injury to the skin, but can also occur due to a medical condition. The type of hemorrhage can vary, ranging ...
(Cephalalgia, Hedache, Pounding head, Throbbing head, Ache, Pounding pain, Throbbing pain, Head pain, Migraine, Tension headache)
Headache is a common symptom that can range from mild to severe. It typically develops gradually and can be localized or generalized. Common types of headache include tension-type, migraine, cluster, and sinus headaches, each with their own unique characteristics and manifestations. Tension-type hea...
(Agitation, Annoyance, Frustration, Hostility, Impatience, Impetuosity, Indignation, Irascibility, Irritation, Resentment, Testiness, Upset)
Irritability and anger are common symptoms of many psychological and physical health issues. It is characterized by frequent outbursts of anger and frustration, often in response to minor issues. It can be accompanied by feelings of restlessness, agitation, and difficulty controlling emotions. It of...
(Tiredness, Exhaustion, Lethargy, Lassitude, Weariness, Burn-out, Weakness, Malaise, Lack of energy, Lack of strength, Listlessness)
Fatigue is a common symptom that can range from mild to severe. It is usually characterized by a feeling of tiredness and exhaustion that can range from mild to severe. It can develop gradually over time or suddenly, and can be caused by a variety of factors, including physical or mental stress, sle...
Pale skin is a symptom of anemia or other blood-related issues. It is characterized by a lack of color in the skin, appearing wan and ashen. It may also be accompanied by fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Pale skin develops gradually due to a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, whi...
(Rapid heartbeat, Fast heartbeat, Accelerated heart rate, High heart rate, Increased heart rate, Abnormal heart rhythm, Palpitations)
Tachycardia is a rapid heart rate, usually defined as a rate greater than 100 beats per minute. It is usually caused by a disruption of the normal electrical signals that control the heart's rhythm. Symptoms may include palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, or dizziness. It...